ANGIELSKI CO POWINIENES ZNAĆ

Wszystkie zwroty zostały podzielone na kategorie związane z organizacją tekstu: wprowadanie argumentów, uzasadnianie, wyrażanie opinii, zgadzanie się oraz niezgadzanie się, doprecyzowanie swoich myśli, argumentów, przedstawianie różnic, ppodsumowywanie – przedstawianie wniosków. Przedstawianie kolejnych argumentów: 1. To begin with – na początek – To begin with, you have to remember that… 2. First of all/ firstly/ secondly – przede wszystkim/ po pierwsze/ po drugie – Firstly, it’s not true that… 3. As for – co do – As for functions, there are all of them. 4. As regards – co się tyczy – As regards the introduced options, they are very useful. 5. Then – poza tym, następnie – I agree and then there is another aspect. 6. Besides – zresztą, oprócz tego – It’s too long and besides I don’t like the author’s style. 7. What is more – co więcej – His attitude is wrong and what’s more, he seems to be a layman. 8. Further – co więcej – Further, the author has to reconsider his claims. 9. Furthermore – ponadto – Furthermore, I neglect such a view. 10. Moreover – ponadto – The idea is not reasonable and moreover it’s unreal. Uzasadnianie: 11. Thus – tak więc – Thus, the whole project cannot be implemented. 12. Thereby – tym samym – He broke all the rules and thereby, he was expelled. 13. Therefore – dlatego (też) – Profits, therefore, were down last time. 14. Because – ponieważ – I argue with you because you are completely wrong. 15. Since – ponieważ – I decided to write it since I was asked to do so. 16. As – gdyż –As you always come too late, I decided not to wait for you. 17. Accordingly – z tego powodu, w związku z tym – He won the election and accordingly he bacame a chairman. 18. In consequence – w konsekwencji – He did it and in consequence he was on time. 19. Hence – stąd, w związku z tym, dlatego też – He had credentials and hence they employed him. Wyrażanie opinii: 20. I would say that – powiedziałbym, że – I would say that such a view is unacceptable. 21. It seems to me that – wydaje mi się, że – It seems to me that his arguments are difficult to prove. 22. In my opinion – moim zdaniem – In my opinion, it is not worth its price. 23. I am of the opinion that – jestem zdania, że – I am of the opinion that it is impossible. 24. I am of the view that – uważam, że – I am of the view that it is very probable. 25. As for – co do, jeśli chodzi o – As for me, I would have done it. 26. To my mind – według mnie – To my mind, it is nonsense. 27. As far as I know – Z tego, co wiem – As far as I know it works in a different way. 28. As far as I am concerned – jeśli o mnie chodzi – As far as I am concerned they can do what they want. 29. According to (sb) – według (kogoś innego niż ja) – According to the author… 30. I reckon (that) – uważam, że – I reckon these allegations are unjustified. 31. I opine (that) – uważam, że – I opine that such a statement is ridiculous. 32. I hold the view that – reprezentuję pogląd/zdanie, że –I hold the view that it cannot be correct. 33. From sb’s standpoint – z czyjegoś punktu widzenia – Try to think of it from my standpoint. 34. I think (that) – uważam, że – I think the authors exaggerate. 35. I have every reason to believe that – mam wszelkie powody, by sądzić, że –I have every reason to believe that it could not happen for real. 36. Judging from/by – sądząc po – Judging from the facts it is possible. 37. I suppose (that) – sądzę, że – I suppose he did not consider the elementary rules. 38. I guess (that) – zgaduję, że – I guess he wrote it himself. 39. I claim (that) – twierdzę/utrzymuję, że – He claims he followed the instructions. 40. I assert that – twierdzę/zapewniam, że – I assert that the thesis is to be substantiated. 41. I maintain (that) – upieram się/obstaję przy tym, że – He maintained his innocence. 42. I consider sb (to be) – uważam kogoś za – I consider the author (to be) a great novelist. 43. I believe (that) – sądzić, uważać, przypuszczać – I believe (that) this conclusion is legitimate. 44. I am convinced that - jestem przekonany, że – I am convinced that it may happen. Zgadzanie się: 45. I agree – zgadzam się – I agree with you. 46. I accept – akceptuję – I accept these arguments. 47. Be correct – zgadzać się, być prawidłowym – Your thinking is correct. 48. Tally with – zgadzać się z – It tallies with my calculations. 49. Be positive – być przekonanym – He is positive that they did it. 50. Confirm – potwierdzać – I confirm his arguments. 51. Approve of – aprobować – I approve of his conclusions. 52. Support – popierać – I support the solution he suggested. 53. I am in sympathy with sb – popieram kogoś – I am in sympathy with the author. 54. I sympathise with – sympatyzuję z – I sympathise with his opinion. Niezgadzanie się: 55. I disagree – nie zgadzam się – I disagree with you. 56. I protest against – protestuję przeciwko – I protest against such behaviour. 57. Reject – odrzucać, nie akceptować – I reject this ideology. 58. I negate – neguję – I negate such thinking. 59. Disapprove of – nie pochwalać, potępiać – I disapprove of such thinking. 60. Oppose – sprzeciwiać się – I had to openly oppose him because he was completely wrong. 61. Object – sprzeciwiać się – I object to be called in such a way. 62. I differ with sb – nie zgadzam się z kimś – I differ with him on this issue. Precyzowanie danej myśli: 63. What I mean is that – chcę powiedzieć, że – What I mean is that it is not going to be easy. 64. I mean (to say) – to znaczy – His approach is inappropriate, I mean (to say) it lacks theoretical basis. 65. What I am getting at is (that) – chodzi mi o to, że – What I am getting at is (that) you are not being realistic. 66. The point is (that) – chodzi o to, że – The point is (that) I just cannot agree. 67. In other words – inaczej mówiąc- In other word, the software is full of bugs. 68. That is to say – to znaczy, czyli – Sociolinguistics, that is to say the study of a language in a society is often underestimated. 69. Make oneself clear – wyrażać się jasno – I will make myself clear. 70. I will put it this way – ujmę to w ten sposób – I will put it this way, If you want to succeed you have to concentrate on your goals. Wyrażanie różnic: 71. Actually – faktycznie, w rzeczywistości – It is a well known fact, actually. 72. In fact – faktycznie, de facto – In fact, I am completely against your suggestion. 73. In a way – w pewnym sensie – I know your thinking is not correct, but in a way, I can understand such reasoning. 74. To a certain extent – do pewnego stopnia – I agree with the author to a certain extent, but… 75. Anyway – w każdym razie, tak czy inaczej – anyway, I think that… 76. As a rule – z reguły – As a rule, he is never wrong. 77. On the one hand – z jednej strony – On the one hand, it is what I need. 78. On the other hand – z drugiej strony – On the other hand, it is too complicated. 79. Still – jednak – The novel is hard to read; still, it is interesting. 80. Yet – jednak, mimo to – She is not a mathematician and yet her skills are amusing. 81. However – jednak(że) – I usually drink coffee. Today, however, I am having a cup of tea. 82. On the contrary – przeciwnie – He is not tall, on the contrary, he is really short. 83. In spite of – (po)mimo – In spite of evidence, they did not believe him. 84. Nevertheless – pomimo to, niemniej jednak – Nevertheless, it is still valued by scholars. 85. Nonetheless - pomimo to, niemniej jednak – Nonetheless, it is important to him. 86. Notwithstanding – jednakże, mimo wszystko, mimo to – He is a decent man, notwithstanding I do not like him. 87. In contrast to/with – w odróznieniu od – In contrast to his father he is very famous. 88. But – (a) mimo to, (a) jednak – The story is strange but true. 89. But then (again) – ale z drugiej strony, ale przecież – But then such methods are practical. Podsumowywanie: 90. Finally – wreszcie, w końcu – Finally, I would like to concentrate on the main issue. 91. In short – krótko mówiąć – In short, it was outrageous. 92. All things considered – w sumie – All things considered, he is a happy man. 93. To sum up – podsumowując – To sum up, there are advantages and disadvantages. 94. To recap – podsumowując – To recap, it can be accepted. 95. To conclude – na zakończenie – To conclude, the translator domesticated the story. 96. In conclusion – kończąc – I would like to say in conclusion, that I admire them. 97. As a conclusion – kończąc – As a conclusion we may quote the poet… 98. Generally speaking – ogólnie rzecz biorąc – Generally speaking, it is not a problem. 99. On the whole – ogólnie rzecz biorąc – On the whole, it is a quite good idea. 100. Lastly – wreszcie, w końcu – …and lastly it is the most popular programme. Mam nadzieję, że wyżej przedstawione wyrażenia okażą się pomocne. Pozostaje mi tylko życzyć dużo weny twórczej!